Human Growth and Development
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Begin with Unit 1: Theories and Methods of Development. It sets the foundation for everything that follows.
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Unit 1: Theories and Methods of Development 63 lessons, 3 lecture parts
- 0001 Psychology Defined
- 0002 Wundt Founds a Science
- 0003 Lifespan Development
- 0004 Growth and Change
- 0005 Stability
- 0006 Victor of Aveyron
- 0007 Science Put to Use
- 0008 The Domains of Development
- 0009 Continuous and Discontinuous Change
- 0010 Stage Theories
- 0011 Nature and Nurture
- 0012 Heritability Estimates
- 0013 Reaction Range
- 0014 Gene–Environment Correlation worked example
- 0015 Epigenetics
- 0016 Normative Development
- 0017 Resilience
- 0018 Critical Periods
- 0019 Genie
- 0020 Sensitive Periods
- 0021 Critical or Sensitive worked example
- 0022 Averages and Individuals
- 0023 Freud's Psychosexual Stages
- 0024 Id, Ego and Superego
- 0025 Ego Defenses
- 0026 What Survives of Freud review
- 0027 Erikson's Psychosocial Theory
- 0028 Autonomy Versus Shame and Doubt
- 0029 Erikson's Eight Crises worked example
- 0030 How Piaget Studied Children
- 0031 Piaget's Four Stages worked example
- 0032 Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
- 0033 Private Speech
- 0034 The Zone of Proximal Development
- 0035 Scaffolding
- 0036 Information Processing
- 0037 Evolution and Behavioural Genetics
- 0038 Bowlby and Attachment
- 0039 Attachment Is Not Destiny
- 0040 Twin Studies
- 0041 Learning Theory
- 0042 Classical Conditioning
- 0043 Operant Conditioning
- 0044 Observational Learning
- 0045 Social Cognitive Theory
- 0046 Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model
- 0047 The Five Systems worked example
- 0048 Cohorts, Not Generations
- 0049 Race, Ethnicity and Culture
- 0050 WEIRD Samples
- 0051 Theories and Hypotheses
- 0052 Reliability and Validity
- 0053 Correlation and Causation worked example
- 0054 Replication and the Mozart Effect
- 0055 Case Studies
- 0056 Naturalistic Observation
- 0057 Structured Observation
- 0058 The Correlation Coefficient
- 0059 Experiments worked example
- 0060 Longitudinal Designs
- 0061 Cross-Sectional Designs
- 0062 Three Designs Compared worked example
- 0063 Tuskegee
Unit 2: Heredity, Prenatal Development, and Birth 68 lessons, 3 lecture parts
- 0151 Chromosomes and DNA
- 0152 Mitosis and Meiosis
- 0153 Autosomes and Sex Chromosomes
- 0154 Intersex
- 0155 Sex-Chromosome Variations
- 0156 Genes and the Genome
- 0157 Genotype, Allele and Phenotype
- 0158 Dominant and Recessive
- 0159 Beyond Simple Dominance
- 0160 X-Linked Recessive Traits
- 0161 Polygenic and Multifactorial
- 0162 Inheritance Patterns worked example
- 0163 Pleiotropy and PKU
- 0164 Single-Gene Disorders
- 0165 Chromosomal Disorders
- 0166 Multifactorial Disorders
- 0167 Three Kinds of Genetic Disorder worked example
- 0168 Heritability as a Population Statistic
- 0169 Epigenetics and Methylation
- 0170 The Dutch Famine review
- 0171 Genotype–Environment Interaction
- 0172 Differential Susceptibility worked example
- 0173 Niche-Picking
- 0174 Gonads and Gametes
- 0175 The Menstrual Cycle
- 0176 Conception
- 0177 Infertility
- 0178 Assisted Reproduction
- 0179 Other Paths to Parenthood
- 0180 Trimesters and Periods
- 0181 The Germinal Period
- 0182 Fraternal and Identical Twins
- 0183 The Embryonic Period
- 0184 Organogenesis
- 0185 The Fetal Period
- 0186 Directions of Growth
- 0187 Three Prenatal Periods worked example
- 0188 The Age of Viability
- 0189 Miscarriage
- 0190 Stillbirth
- 0191 Teratogens
- 0192 How Teratogens Work worked example
- 0193 Infectious Teratogens
- 0194 Drugs and Medications
- 0195 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
- 0196 Environmental Teratogens
- 0197 Stress, Age and High-Risk Pregnancy
- 0198 Congenital Disorders
- 0199 Ultrasound and Serum Screening
- 0200 Amniocentesis and CVS
- 0201 Which Test Finds What worked example
- 0202 Prenatal Care
- 0203 How Labour Begins
- 0204 Stage One: Dilation
- 0205 Stage Two: Birth
- 0206 Stage Three: The Placenta
- 0207 Three Stages of Labour worked example
- 0208 Birthing Positions Across Cultures
- 0209 Vaginal and Cesarean Birth
- 0210 Pain Relief and Natural Childbirth
- 0211 The Apgar Score
- 0212 Reading the Apgar worked example
- 0213 The Brazelton Scale
- 0214 Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth
- 0215 Risk and Disparity in Early Birth
- 0216 Bonding and Attachment
- 0217 The Newborn's First Weeks
- 0218 Baby Blues and Postpartum Depression
Unit 3: Infancy: Body and Mind 72 lessons, 3 lecture parts
- 0301 Patterns of Early Growth
- 0302 Weight in the First Year
- 0303 Length and Head Size
- 0304 Growth Charts
- 0305 Failure to Thrive
- 0306 How Much Infants Sleep
- 0307 REM and NREM Sleep
- 0308 Night and Day
- 0309 Sleep and Culture
- 0310 SUID and SIDS
- 0311 Safe Sleep and the Evidence worked example
- 0312 Human Milk and Formula
- 0313 Complementary Feeding
- 0314 Food Preferences
- 0315 Reflexes and the Brainstem
- 0316 Neurons
- 0317 Synapses
- 0318 Pruning and Myelination
- 0319 The Brain's First Two Years worked example
- 0320 The Lobes
- 0321 A Sensitive Period for Vision
- 0322 Lateralization
- 0323 Plasticity
- 0324 Infant Mortality
- 0325 Malnutrition
- 0326 Newborn Reflexes
- 0327 Reflexes That Fade and Reflexes That Stay worked example
- 0328 Walking
- 0329 Crawling Is Optional
- 0330 Gross Motor Skills
- 0331 Fine Motor Skills
- 0332 Dynamic Systems Theory
- 0333 Genes, Twins and Practice
- 0334 Motor Milestones Across Cultures worked example
- 0335 Play and Motor Skill
- 0336 Sensation and Perception
- 0337 Newborn Vision
- 0338 Colour Vision
- 0339 Looking at Faces
- 0340 Depth Perception
- 0341 The Visual Cliff worked example
- 0342 Visual Preferences
- 0343 Newborn Hearing
- 0344 The Cat in the Hat Study
- 0345 Touch and Pain
- 0346 Taste and Smell
- 0347 Intermodal Perception
- 0348 Schemas, Assimilation and Accommodation
- 0349 The First Three Substages
- 0350 Object Permanence
- 0351 The Six Sensorimotor Substages worked example
- 0352 Piaget Underestimated Infants
- 0353 The A-Not-B Error
- 0354 Attention in Infancy
- 0355 Infants Remember
- 0356 Habituation
- 0357 How Infant Minds Are Measured worked example
- 0358 Vygotsky and Cultural Tools
- 0359 Social Referencing
- 0360 Home, Class and Early Cognition
- 0361 What Language Is
- 0362 Crying and Cooing
- 0363 Babbling
- 0364 Gestures and First Words
- 0365 Over- and Underextension
- 0366 Telegraphic Speech and the Vocabulary Spurt
- 0367 Language Milestones worked example
- 0368 Baby Signing
- 0369 Three Theories of Language worked example
- 0370 The Universal Listener and Child-Directed Speech
- 0371 Bilingual Infants
- 0372 The Romanian Orphans review
Unit 4: Infancy: Self and Others 54 lessons, 3 lecture parts
- 0451 No Self at Birth
- 0452 A Sense of Self
- 0453 The Mirror Test
- 0454 Self-Recognition Across Cultures
- 0455 Sex and Gender Identity
- 0456 Gender Socialization
- 0457 Toy Preferences
- 0458 Beyond the Blank Slate
- 0459 Temperament
- 0460 Thomas and Chess's Nine Traits
- 0461 Easy, Difficult and Slow to Warm Up
- 0462 Behavioral Inhibition
- 0463 Rothbart's Three Dimensions
- 0464 Goodness of Fit worked example
- 0465 Temperament and Later Personality
- 0466 Trust Versus Mistrust
- 0467 Autonomy in Toddlerhood
- 0468 Will Picking Up a Baby Spoil Them?
- 0469 Emotion and Mood
- 0470 The First Emotions
- 0471 Primary Emotions
- 0472 Secondary Emotions
- 0473 Primary and Secondary Emotions worked example
- 0474 Dyadic Regulation and Synchrony
- 0475 Regulating Emotion, Age by Age worked example
- 0476 Emotional Labelling and Emotional Intelligence
- 0477 Smiles and Imitation
- 0478 Joint Attention
- 0479 Social Referencing on the Cliff
- 0480 Attachment and the Primary Caregiver
- 0481 Early Accounts of Attachment
- 0482 The Harlows' Monkeys review
- 0483 Bowlby's Ethological View
- 0484 Stranger and Separation Anxiety
- 0485 Bowlby's Four Phases worked example
- 0486 The Strange Situation
- 0487 Secure Attachment
- 0488 Avoidant and Ambivalent Attachment
- 0489 Disorganized Attachment
- 0490 Four Patterns of Attachment worked example
- 0491 What Secure Attachment Predicts
- 0492 Attachment Across Cultures review
- 0493 Transgenerational Attachment
- 0494 Family Structures
- 0495 LGBTQ+ Parents
- 0496 Caregivers and Strain
- 0497 Bronfenbrenner in Infancy
- 0498 Home Quality
- 0499 Childcare Settings
- 0500 Childcare Quality
- 0501 The NICHD Study and Head Start worked example
- 0502 Family Income
- 0503 Caregiving Across Cultures
- 0504 Screens in Infancy
Unit 5: Early Childhood: Body and Mind 50 lessons, 2 lecture parts
- 0601 Growth From Three to Six
- 0602 Stunting
- 0603 Boys, Girls and Growth
- 0604 The Brain at Six
- 0605 Experience-Expectant and Experience-Dependent worked example
- 0606 Lateralization and Handedness
- 0607 Left-Handed Children
- 0608 Nutrition in Early Childhood
- 0609 Preschool Sleep
- 0610 Night Terrors
- 0611 Vaccination
- 0612 The Wakefield Case review
- 0613 Injury in Childhood
- 0614 Motor Milestones, Three to Six
- 0615 Gross and Fine Motor Skills
- 0616 Developmental Coordination Disorder
- 0617 Why Movement Matters
- 0618 The WHO's Activity Guideline
- 0619 Sex Differences in Motor Skill
- 0620 Disability and Activity
- 0621 Early Cognitive Milestones
- 0622 The Thirty-Million-Word Gap
- 0623 The Preoperational Stage
- 0624 Symbolic Representation and Animism
- 0625 Egocentrism and the Three Mountains
- 0626 Centration and Conservation
- 0627 Preoperational Thought worked example
- 0628 Theory of Mind and False Belief worked example
- 0629 Order Fixed, Pace Varies
- 0630 Executive Function and Attention
- 0631 Autobiographical Memory
- 0632 The More Knowledgeable Other
- 0633 Learning by Observing and Pitching In
- 0634 Three Accounts of Early Learning review
- 0635 Phonology and Morphemes
- 0636 Semantics, Syntax and Grammar
- 0637 Overregularization
- 0638 Pragmatics and Code-Switching
- 0639 The Features of Language worked example
- 0640 Language and Thought
- 0641 Sensitive Periods for Language
- 0642 Language and the Home
- 0643 Deaf Children and Early Language worked example
- 0644 Bilingual Preschoolers
- 0645 Early Literacy and Early Education
- 0646 Why Play Matters
- 0647 Parten's Six Forms of Play worked example
- 0648 Peer Play and Prosocial Behaviour
- 0649 Nature Preschools
- 0650 Play, Gender, Class and Ability
Unit 6: Early Childhood: Self and Others 50 lessons, 2 lecture parts
- 0751 Initiative Versus Guilt
- 0752 Self-Concept at Three to Six
- 0753 Five Factors in Childhood
- 0754 Agreeableness and Neuroticism
- 0755 Self-Esteem in Early Childhood
- 0756 Self-Conscious Emotions and Culture
- 0757 Metacognition and Self-Regulation
- 0758 Delay of Gratification
- 0759 The Marshmallow Test review
- 0760 Emotional Intelligence in Preschoolers
- 0761 Emotion Coaching
- 0762 Autism Spectrum Disorder
- 0763 Early Signs of Autism
- 0764 Autism, ABA and Neurodiversity review
- 0765 Sex and Gender
- 0766 Gender Labelling, Stability and Constancy worked example
- 0767 Gender Rules Like Game Rules
- 0768 Gender Schema Theory
- 0769 Gender Socialization at Home
- 0770 Peers, Siblings and Media
- 0771 Ethnic-Racial Identity worked example
- 0772 Racial-Ethnic Socialization
- 0773 Parenting Style
- 0774 Authoritarian and Authoritative
- 0775 Permissive and Uninvolved
- 0776 Four Parenting Styles worked example
- 0777 Parenting Across Cultures
- 0778 Reinforcement and Punishment
- 0779 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
- 0780 Consequences That Work worked example
- 0781 Corporal Punishment
- 0782 Corporal Punishment and the Law
- 0783 Child Abuse and Neglect
- 0784 Effects of Maltreatment
- 0785 Child Protective Services
- 0786 Siblings
- 0787 Only Children
- 0788 Birth Order
- 0789 Divorce and Children
- 0790 What Protects Children of Divorce
- 0791 Peers and Friends
- 0792 Structured and Free Play
- 0793 Imaginary Friends
- 0794 Aggression in Early Childhood
- 0795 What Predicts Aggression worked example
- 0796 Withdrawal and Shyness
- 0797 The Approach–Avoidance Model worked example
- 0798 Prosocial Behaviour
- 0799 Media Diet
- 0800 Media Violence and Co-Viewing
Unit 7: Middle Childhood: Body, Mind, and School 75 lessons, 3 lecture parts
- 0901 Growth in Middle Childhood
- 0902 Height, Genes and Environment
- 0903 The Brain at Seven
- 0904 Corpus Callosum and Lateralization
- 0905 Motor Skills, Seven to Twelve
- 0906 Culture and Fine Motor Skill
- 0907 Sleep, Six to Twelve
- 0908 Childhood Obesity
- 0909 Undernutrition: Wasting and Stunting
- 0910 Exercise and Its Barriers
- 0911 Injury and Prevention
- 0912 Asthma
- 0913 Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
- 0914 The Concrete Operational Stage
- 0915 Concrete Operations worked example
- 0916 Culture and Piaget's Ages
- 0917 Less Stage-Like Than Piaget Thought
- 0918 Screens in Middle Childhood
- 0919 Information Processing at School Age
- 0920 Selective and Sustained Attention
- 0921 Working Memory and Encoding
- 0922 Memory Strategies worked example
- 0923 Metacognition and Metamemory
- 0924 Executive Functions
- 0925 Theory of Mind at School Age
- 0926 What Intelligence Is
- 0927 Genes and Intelligence
- 0928 Environment and Intelligence
- 0929 Spearman's g
- 0930 Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence worked example
- 0931 Gardner's Multiple Intelligences worked example
- 0932 Critics of Multiple Intelligences
- 0933 Learning Styles
- 0934 The Meshing Hypothesis
- 0935 Sternberg's Triarchic Theory
- 0936 From Galton to Binet
- 0937 Ratio IQ and Deviation IQ
- 0938 The IQ Scale worked example
- 0939 The Flynn Effect
- 0940 Uses of Intelligence Tests
- 0941 Cultural Bias in Testing
- 0942 Intellectual Disability
- 0943 Inclusion and the Least Restrictive Environment
- 0944 Giftedness
- 0945 Acceleration
- 0946 Purposes of Schooling
- 0947 Behaviourism in the Classroom
- 0948 Constructivism and Vygotsky in the Classroom
- 0949 Teacher-Centred and Student-Centred
- 0950 The Hidden Curriculum
- 0951 High-Stakes Testing
- 0952 Homeschooling
- 0953 Extracurriculars and the Hurried Child
- 0954 The Pygmalion Effect
- 0955 Gender Gaps in Achievement
- 0956 Self-Efficacy
- 0957 Mindset Theory review
- 0958 Specific Learning Disorders worked example
- 0959 Dyslexia and Letter Reversals
- 0960 ADHD
- 0961 ADHD Presentations, Causes and Treatment worked example
- 0962 Sugar and Hyperactivity
- 0963 Disability Law worked example
- 0964 Vocabulary Growth
- 0965 Metalinguistic Awareness
- 0966 Complex Grammar
- 0967 Pragmatics
- 0968 Code-Switching
- 0969 Phonics and Whole Language
- 0970 The Reading Wars review
- 0971 Reading Proficiency
- 0972 Multilingual Children
- 0973 The Bilingual Advantage Debate
- 0974 Programmes for English Learners worked example
- 0975 Second Language and the Sensitive Period
Unit 8: Middle Childhood: Self, Morality, and Relationships 54 lessons, 2 lecture parts
- 1051 Industry Versus Inferiority
- 1052 When Inferiority Takes Hold
- 1053 Self-Concept in Middle Childhood
- 1054 Harter's Self-Perception Profile
- 1055 Social Comparison and the Ideal Self
- 1056 Self-Concept, Self-Esteem, Self-Efficacy worked example
- 1057 Narcissism and Overpraise
- 1058 Gender Flexibility After Seven
- 1059 Racial Identity
- 1060 Ethnic Identity in Middle Childhood
- 1061 Immigrant Children's Dual Identities
- 1062 School as an Emotional Setting
- 1063 Emotional Intelligence and Regulation
- 1064 Other-Evaluative and Self-Conscious Emotions
- 1065 Coping Strategies worked example
- 1066 Display Rules
- 1067 Gender and Emotional Expression
- 1068 Hostile Attribution Bias worked example
- 1069 Anxious and Regulated Shyness
- 1070 Resilience in Middle Childhood
- 1071 Empathy, Sympathy and Altruism
- 1072 Piaget's Moral Judgement
- 1073 The Heinz Dilemma
- 1074 Kohlberg's Three Levels worked example
- 1075 Kohlberg, Gilligan and Culture review
- 1076 Friendship in Middle Childhood
- 1077 What Friends Provide
- 1078 Sociometric Status worked example
- 1079 Rejected and Neglected Children
- 1080 Parenting and Peer Relationships
- 1081 Parents in Middle Childhood
- 1082 Family Structure and Child Outcomes review
- 1083 Children of LGBTQ+ Parents
- 1084 Siblings and Only Children at School Age
- 1085 Proactive and Reactive Aggression
- 1086 Physical and Relational Aggression
- 1087 What Predicts Aggression at School Age
- 1088 Bullying worked example
- 1089 Bullying Worldwide
- 1090 What Works Against Bullying
- 1091 Digital and Social Media
- 1092 Media Risks and Benefits
- 1093 Academic Pressure
- 1094 Classroom Climate
- 1095 Teacher–Child Relationships
- 1096 Bias in Teacher–Child Relationships
- 1097 Deficit and Asset-Based Models
- 1098 Positive Youth Development
- 1099 Internalizing and Externalizing
- 1100 Mental Disorders in Childhood
- 1101 Anxiety and Depression in Children
- 1102 Body Image in Middle Childhood
- 1103 ADHD and Autism in Social Context
- 1104 Supports Across Ecological Levels
Unit 9: Adolescence: Body, Brain, and Reasoning 56 lessons, 2 lecture parts
- 1201 The Adolescent Growth Spurt
- 1202 Sex Differences in Build and Strength
- 1203 Activity in Adolescence
- 1204 The Adolescent Brain
- 1205 Prefrontal Cortex and Limbic System worked example
- 1206 No Fixed Finish Line
- 1207 Adolescent Nutrition
- 1208 Sleep and the Phase Delay worked example
- 1209 Sleep and Mental Health
- 1210 School Start Times
- 1211 Adolescent Health Care
- 1212 Hot and Cold Decisions
- 1213 Leading Causes of Death and Sleep Disorders
- 1214 Adolescent Mental Health
- 1215 Self-Harm and Suicide
- 1216 Eating Disorders Rising
- 1217 Eating Disorder Types worked example
- 1218 Treatment and Protection
- 1219 Puberty
- 1220 Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics worked example
- 1221 The HPG Axis worked example
- 1222 What Sets Pubertal Timing
- 1223 Family Stress and Timing
- 1224 Measuring Puberty
- 1225 Early and Late Maturers worked example
- 1226 The Secular Trend
- 1227 Timing, Race and Context
- 1228 Teen Sexual Behaviour: The YRBS
- 1229 Contraception and Sources of Knowledge
- 1230 STIs and STDs
- 1231 Sexual Violence
- 1232 Early First Intercourse
- 1233 Adolescent Pregnancy
- 1234 The Falling Teen Birth Rate
- 1235 Sex Education Models
- 1236 Affirmative Consent
- 1237 Formal Operations
- 1238 The Pendulum Task
- 1239 Abstract and Relativistic Thinking
- 1240 Idealism
- 1241 Adolescent Egocentrism worked example
- 1242 The Imaginary Audience Online
- 1243 Evaluating Formal Operations review
- 1244 Perceptual Speed and Metacognition
- 1245 Reasoned and Reactive Risk Taking
- 1246 Culture and Adolescent Cognition
- 1247 Parenting and School Performance
- 1248 Reward Sensitivity
- 1249 The Dual Systems Model
- 1250 Peers and Social Reward
- 1251 Teens Know the Risks
- 1252 Why Teens Take Risks review
- 1253 Risky Driving
- 1254 Delinquency
- 1255 Substance Use in Adolescence
- 1256 The Great Decline
Unit 10: Adolescence: Identity, Peers, and Family 56 lessons, 2 lecture parts
- 1351 Adolescence as Transition
- 1352 Developmental Tasks
- 1353 Rites of Passage
- 1354 No Single Marker of Adulthood
- 1355 Identity Versus Role Confusion
- 1356 Identity and Well-Being
- 1357 Marcia's Identity Statuses worked example
- 1358 Foreclosure Is Not Achievement
- 1359 Moratorium and Possible Selves
- 1360 Identity Beyond Eighteen
- 1361 Two Models of Emotional Intelligence
- 1362 Self-Regulation in Adolescence
- 1363 Self-Concept and Self-Esteem in Adolescence worked example
- 1364 Body Image in Adolescence
- 1365 Culture, Media and Body Image
- 1366 Cultural Heritage, Ethnicity and Race
- 1367 Children in the 2020 Census
- 1368 Positive Ethnic-Racial Identity
- 1369 The Identity Project
- 1370 Phinney's Ethnic Identity Model
- 1371 Cross's Nigrescence Model worked example
- 1372 Latino Identity Orientations
- 1373 Kim's Asian American Model
- 1374 American Indian and Alaska Native Identity
- 1375 Poston's Biracial Model
- 1376 Code-Switching and Identity
- 1377 Gender Identity in Adolescence
- 1378 The Gender Intensification Hypothesis
- 1379 Gender Nonconformity
- 1380 Sexual Orientation
- 1381 From Illness to Variation
- 1382 Sexual-Minority Milestones worked example
- 1383 Coming Out and Culture
- 1384 Adolescent Friendship
- 1385 Friendships, Cliques and Crowds worked example
- 1386 Clique Structure and Aggression
- 1387 Rejection and Loneliness
- 1388 Attachment in Teen Romance worked example
- 1389 Reworking Insecure Models
- 1390 Teen Dating Violence
- 1391 Recognizing Dating Violence
- 1392 Teens and Screens
- 1393 Social Media and Teen Mental Health review
- 1394 Sexting and Deepfakes
- 1395 Music and Self-Regulation
- 1396 Graduation and Achievement
- 1397 Tracking
- 1398 Stereotype Threat review
- 1399 School Climate and Authoritative Schools
- 1400 Absenteeism, Dropout and Brown v. Board
- 1401 Parenting Styles in Adolescence
- 1402 Parent–Teen Conflict worked example
- 1403 Family Structure in Adolescence
- 1404 Developmental Assets and the Five Cs
- 1405 Youth Programmes, Religion and Sport
- 1406 Teen Employment
Unit 11: Early Adulthood: Body, Mind, and Path 57 lessons, 2 lecture parts
- 1501 Emerging Adulthood
- 1502 Arnett's Five Features worked example
- 1503 Marcia's Statuses in Adulthood
- 1504 Class and Emerging Adulthood
- 1505 Culture and Emerging Adulthood
- 1506 Discrimination and Biculturalism
- 1507 Child Marriage
- 1508 Is Emerging Adulthood a Stage? review
- 1509 The Physiological Peak
- 1510 Early Habits and Later Health
- 1511 Activity Guidelines
- 1512 Stress Physiology worked example
- 1513 Sleep in Early Adulthood
- 1514 Phones and Sleep
- 1515 Childhood SES and Adult Health
- 1516 Discrimination, Gender and LGBTQ+ Health
- 1517 The Freshman Fifteen
- 1518 BMI and Its Limits
- 1519 Peak Substance Use
- 1520 Heavy Drinking and Its Risks
- 1521 Drug Classes worked example
- 1522 Pathways to Substance Use Disorder
- 1523 Injury and Death in Early Adulthood
- 1524 When Mental Disorders Begin
- 1525 Loneliness and the Pandemic
- 1526 Suicide Risk Factors
- 1527 Sexuality in Early Adulthood
- 1528 Orientation in Early Adulthood
- 1529 Coming Out and Sexual Fluidity
- 1530 STIs: Bacterial, Parasitic, Viral worked example
- 1531 HPV Usually Clears
- 1532 HIV and Treatment
- 1533 STI Disparities and Stigma
- 1534 Pregnancy and Parenthood
- 1535 Maternal Mortality
- 1536 Prevention of STIs and Pregnancy
- 1537 Consent, Harassment and Assault worked example
- 1538 Prevention and Law
- 1539 The Brain in Early Adulthood
- 1540 Emotional Arousal and Inhibition
- 1541 Post-Formal Thought
- 1542 Dialectical and Reflective Thought
- 1543 Abilities Across Early Adulthood
- 1544 Heuristics worked example
- 1545 Convergent and Divergent Thinking
- 1546 Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind
- 1547 Moral Reasoning in Early Adulthood
- 1548 Culture and Cognition review
- 1549 Culture and Heuristics
- 1550 Prosocial Behaviour in Early Adulthood
- 1551 Pathways After High School
- 1552 The Rise of College
- 1553 Majors and Attainment
- 1554 Alternatives to College
- 1555 Education, Earnings and Unemployment worked example
- 1556 Costs of College
- 1557 Work in Early Adulthood
Unit 12: Early Adulthood: Self, Intimacy, and Work 50 lessons, 2 lecture parts
- 1651 The Self in Early Adulthood
- 1652 Goals Across Adulthood
- 1653 The Social Clock
- 1654 Living With Parents
- 1655 Culture and the Social Clock
- 1656 Opportunities and Obstacles
- 1657 The Quarter-Life Crisis
- 1658 Intimacy Versus Isolation
- 1659 Vaillant and the Harvard Study
- 1660 Levinson's Seasons of Life
- 1661 Adult Stage Theories and Their Limits review
- 1662 The Five Factor Model in Adulthood
- 1663 Rank-Order Stability and Mean-Level Change worked example
- 1664 Social Investment and the Maturity Principle
- 1665 MAMA Cycles
- 1666 Identity in Hard Times
- 1667 Intersectionality and Possible Selves
- 1668 Sellers's Dimensions of Ethnoracial Identity worked example
- 1669 Ethnoracial Identity in College
- 1670 Gender and Sexual Identity in Early Adulthood
- 1671 Religious Identity
- 1672 Exploring Belief
- 1673 Self-Determination Theory worked example
- 1674 Friendship in Early Adulthood
- 1675 Autonomous Interdependence
- 1676 What Friends Provide in Early Adulthood
- 1677 Friendship Networks and Difference
- 1678 Family Support in Early Adulthood
- 1679 Leaving Home
- 1680 Staying Close
- 1681 Parents After the Move
- 1682 Helicopter Parenting
- 1683 Trajectories and Markers of Adulthood
- 1684 Pathways Beyond College
- 1685 Rural, Race and Gender Contexts
- 1686 Disability and the Transition
- 1687 College Pathways
- 1688 Career Development
- 1689 Explanatory Style and Locus of Control worked example
- 1690 Work–Life Balance
- 1691 Identity Before Intimacy? review
- 1692 Intimacy and Adult Attachment
- 1693 Casual Sex and Friends With Benefits
- 1694 Singlehood
- 1695 Choosing Partners
- 1696 Dating Apps and Technology
- 1697 Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love worked example
- 1698 Relationship Types in Young Adulthood
- 1699 Forming Families worked example
- 1700 The Transition to Parenthood
Unit 13: Middle Adulthood: Body, Mind, and Health 48 lessons, 2 lecture parts
- 1801 Primary and Secondary Aging
- 1802 The Positivity Effect
- 1803 Memory and Processing Speed at Midlife
- 1804 Brain Health: Associations
- 1805 Diet Trials and the MIND Result
- 1806 Presbyopia and Presbycusis worked example
- 1807 Hearing Aids and Cognition
- 1808 Proprioception and Falls
- 1809 Sarcopenia and Metabolism
- 1810 Midlife Body Image
- 1811 Skin and Sun
- 1812 Bone Loss and Osteoporosis
- 1813 The Climacteric
- 1814 Pregnancy's Lasting Changes
- 1815 Menopause worked example
- 1816 Menopause and Culture
- 1817 Hormone Therapy: How the Evidence Changed review
- 1818 Male Reproductive Change
- 1819 Testosterone Therapy
- 1820 Erectile Dysfunction
- 1821 Sexual Activity at Midlife
- 1822 Formal and Postformal Thought at Midlife
- 1823 The Seattle Longitudinal Study worked example
- 1824 Practical Problem Solving and Expertise
- 1825 Denney's Model
- 1826 Brain Games review
- 1827 Sternberg's Intelligences at Midlife
- 1828 Crystallized and Fluid Intelligence at Midlife worked example
- 1829 Culture and Intelligence
- 1830 Wisdom
- 1831 Measuring Wisdom
- 1832 Creativity at Midlife
- 1833 Divergent Thinking's Four Parts
- 1834 Shifting Causes of Death
- 1835 Early-Onset Cancer and Smoking
- 1836 Cardiovascular Disease
- 1837 Unintentional Injury and Overdose
- 1838 Weight, Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome
- 1839 Prediabetes
- 1840 Type A, Hostility and Allostatic Load worked example
- 1841 Weathering
- 1842 Stress Buffering
- 1843 Stress Mindset
- 1844 Diet, Exercise and Sleep at Midlife
- 1845 Trauma and Resilience worked example
- 1846 Burnout and the Pay Gap
- 1847 Paid Leave and Remote Work
- 1848 Job Satisfaction and Leisure
Unit 14: Middle Adulthood: Generativity, Love, and Family 44 lessons, 2 lecture parts
- 1951 Role Expansion and Mastery
- 1952 Generativity Versus Stagnation worked example
- 1953 Levinson's Midlife Transition
- 1954 Vaillant's Mature Defenses
- 1955 Trait and Growth Theories
- 1956 Personality Stability at Midlife
- 1957 What Changes Personality at Midlife
- 1958 Conscientiousness and Generative Concern
- 1959 McAdams's Three Levels worked example
- 1960 Identity at Midlife
- 1961 The Midlife Crisis review
- 1962 Attachment in Midlife
- 1963 Sternberg's Seven Kinds of Love worked example
- 1964 Love Across Midlife
- 1965 Marriage and Its Benefits
- 1966 Marriage Equality: Legal History
- 1967 Division of Labour
- 1968 What Predicts Marital Satisfaction review
- 1969 Divorce Trends
- 1970 Gray Divorce
- 1971 Adversarial Divorce and Mediation
- 1972 Life After Divorce
- 1973 Dating and Remarriage at Midlife
- 1974 Households at Midlife
- 1975 Living Alone
- 1976 Family of Choice
- 1977 Single-Parent and Multigenerational Homes
- 1978 Blended Families
- 1979 LGBTQ+ Families
- 1980 Family Systems Theory
- 1981 The Convoy Model
- 1982 The Sandwich Generation worked example
- 1983 Caregiver Burden and Leave
- 1984 Launching and Boomerang Children
- 1985 The Empty Nest
- 1986 Grandparenthood
- 1987 Custodial Grandparents
- 1988 Peak Social Cognition
- 1989 Subjective Well-Being worked example
- 1990 Culture, Hope and Control
- 1991 Is There a Midlife Dip?
- 1992 Does Parenthood Bring Happiness?
- 1993 Eudaimonic Happiness
- 1994 Ryff's Psychological Well-Being
Unit 15: Late Adulthood: Body, Health, and Mind 59 lessons, 2 lecture parts
- 2101 Life Expectancy
- 2102 Life Expectancy Gaps
- 2103 Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Aging worked example
- 2104 Hormonal Stress Theory
- 2105 Free Radical Theory
- 2106 Cellular Clock Theory
- 2107 Wear and Tear and Genetic Theories
- 2108 Osteoporosis in Late Adulthood
- 2109 Sarcopenia and Strength Training
- 2110 Eye Diseases of Late Adulthood worked example
- 2111 Presbycusis and Hearing
- 2112 Vertigo, Smell and Taste
- 2113 Skin and Hair
- 2114 Heart and Lungs
- 2115 Incontinence and Sleep
- 2116 Brain Volume and White Matter
- 2117 Frontal Compensation
- 2118 Adult Neurogenesis review
- 2119 Acute and Chronic Conditions
- 2120 Sexual Activity in Late Adulthood
- 2121 Leading Causes of Death
- 2122 The United States Among Rich Countries
- 2123 Blue Zones
- 2124 Geropsychology and Depression
- 2125 Suicide in Late Adulthood
- 2126 Anxiety and Protective Factors
- 2127 Paying for Care
- 2128 Processing Speed
- 2129 Older Drivers
- 2130 Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence in Late Life worked example
- 2131 Memory Systems in Late Life worked example
- 2132 Tip of the Tongue
- 2133 Episodic and Autobiographical Memory
- 2134 The Positivity Effect in Memory
- 2135 Wisdom in Late Adulthood
- 2136 Everyday Problem Solving
- 2137 Why Problem-Solving Findings Differ
- 2138 Expertise in Late Life
- 2139 Mild Cognitive Impairment
- 2140 Dementia
- 2141 Screening and Reversible Mimics
- 2142 Types of Dementia worked example
- 2143 Vascular Dementia and Stroke
- 2144 BE FAST
- 2145 Lewy Body Dementia and Parkinson's
- 2146 Alzheimer's Disease: Pathology worked example
- 2147 Diagnosing Alzheimer's
- 2148 Early- and Late-Onset Alzheimer's
- 2149 Stages of Alzheimer's
- 2150 Alzheimer's Treatment
- 2151 Dementia by Group
- 2152 Successful Aging
- 2153 Compression of Morbidity review
- 2154 Modifiable Dementia Risk worked example
- 2155 Hearing Loss and Dementia
- 2156 Cognitive Reserve
- 2157 Use It or Lose It
- 2158 The ACTIVE Trial
- 2159 Aging Well
Unit 16: Late Adulthood: Meaning, Relationships, and Retirement 49 lessons, 2 lecture parts
- 2251 Perspectives on Aging
- 2252 Do Cultures Differ on Aging?
- 2253 Ageism and the ADEA
- 2254 Gendered Ageism
- 2255 Stereotypes Versus Evidence
- 2256 Integrity Versus Despair worked example
- 2257 Life-Review Therapy
- 2258 Peck's Tasks and Gerotranscendence worked example
- 2259 The Self in Late Adulthood
- 2260 Personality in Late Adulthood
- 2261 Emotion in Late Adulthood
- 2262 Dynamic Integration Theory
- 2263 The Social Convoy
- 2264 Disengagement Theory
- 2265 Activity Theory
- 2266 Continuity Theory
- 2267 Socioemotional Selectivity Theory worked example
- 2268 Theories of Social Aging review
- 2269 Family Networks and Grandparenting
- 2270 Kinkeepers
- 2271 Siblings in Late Life
- 2272 Late-Life Marriage
- 2273 Older LGBTQ+ Adults
- 2274 Widowhood
- 2275 Remarriage in Late Life
- 2276 Social Support
- 2277 Loneliness
- 2278 Deciding to Retire
- 2279 Is Retirement Good for You? review
- 2280 Phases of Retirement worked example
- 2281 Phased Retirement and Bridge Employment
- 2282 Volunteering in Retirement
- 2283 Pensions and 401(k) Plans
- 2284 Other Barriers to Retirement
- 2285 Retirement Around the World
- 2286 Aging in Place
- 2287 ADLs and IADLs
- 2288 Caregivers
- 2289 Dementia Caregiving and Home Care
- 2290 The Housing Continuum worked example
- 2291 Paying for Long-Term Care
- 2292 Elder Abuse
- 2293 Who Abuses Older Adults
- 2294 Emotional Aging Is the Norm
- 2295 Locus of Control and Resilience
- 2296 The Langer and Rodin Experiment
- 2297 Gratitude and Religious Participation
- 2298 Selection, Optimization and Compensation worked example
- 2299 Domains Intertwine
Unit 17: Death, Dying, and Grief 60 lessons, 2 lecture parts
- 2401 Clinical and Biological Death
- 2402 From Cardiopulmonary to Brain Death
- 2403 The Uniform Determination of Death Act worked example
- 2404 Mortality Around the World
- 2405 Causes of Death Across Countries
- 2406 Causes of Death by Age
- 2407 Dying Trajectories worked example
- 2408 The Process of Dying
- 2409 Identity and a Terminal Diagnosis
- 2410 Monitoring and Blunting
- 2411 Terror Management Theory review
- 2412 Death Anxiety
- 2413 Children's Understanding of Death worked example
- 2414 Social Death
- 2415 Religion and Death
- 2416 Individualism, Collectivism and Death
- 2417 Grief Across Cultures
- 2418 Brain Death Across Cultures
- 2419 Native American Traditions
- 2420 No Single National View
- 2421 Where Americans Die
- 2422 Hospitals and End-of-Life Care
- 2423 Dying at Home
- 2424 Hospice Care
- 2425 Hospice and Palliative Care worked example
- 2426 Palliative Care's Growth
- 2427 Wills and Probate
- 2428 Advance Directives worked example
- 2429 DNR, DNI and DNH
- 2430 Organ Donation
- 2431 Cultural Differences in End-of-Life Care
- 2432 Rationing of Care
- 2433 Euthanasia and Medical Aid in Dying worked example
- 2434 Medical Views on Aid in Dying
- 2435 Grief, Mourning and Bereavement
- 2436 Kübler-Ross's Five Themes
- 2437 The Five-Stage Model and Its Evidence review
- 2438 Middle Knowledge
- 2439 Meaning Reconstruction
- 2440 The Dual-Process Model worked example
- 2441 Worden's Four Tasks of Mourning
- 2442 Resilience After Loss
- 2443 When a Child Dies
- 2444 Losing a Spouse
- 2445 Sudden Death and Anticipatory Grief
- 2446 Grief's Physical Effects
- 2447 Prolonged Grief Disorder
- 2448 Mourning Rituals
- 2449 Rituals and Technology
- 2450 Disenfranchised Grief and Pets
- 2451 Ambiguous Loss
- 2452 Life Review
- 2453 Legacy and Reminiscence
- 2454 A Successful Life
- 2455 Self-Determination at Life's End
- 2456 A Good Death in the West
- 2457 Freedom From Pain and Autonomy
- 2458 Connection and Respect
- 2459 Children and Spirituality at Life's End
- 2460 A Good Death Across Cultures
Unit 18: Capstone: Development Across the Life Span 40 lessons, 2 lecture parts
- 2551 How to Use This Unit
- 2552 Continuous or Stage-Like
- 2553 The Families of Theory
- 2554 Bronfenbrenner Across the Lifespan
- 2555 Piaget's Stages in Order worked example
- 2556 Piaget's Critics
- 2557 Erikson's Crises in Order worked example
- 2558 Vygotsky Beside Piaget
- 2559 Freud's Legacy
- 2560 Stages Against Evidence review
- 2561 What Language Is
- 2562 First Words in Order worked example
- 2563 Theories of Language
- 2564 The Layers of Language worked example
- 2565 Private Speech and Thought
- 2566 Sensitive Periods for Language
- 2567 Two Languages
- 2568 Pragmatics Across Childhood
- 2569 Language in Late Life
- 2570 Nature and Nurture in Language review
- 2571 Sensation and Perception
- 2572 The Newborn's Senses worked example
- 2573 Depth and the Visual Cliff
- 2574 Habituation and Preference
- 2575 Intermodal Perception and a Sensitive Period
- 2576 Perception and Action
- 2577 Midlife Senses
- 2578 Vision and Hearing in Late Life worked example
- 2579 Hearing, Cognition and Dementia
- 2580 Perception: Built In or Built Up? review
- 2581 Genes, Environment and Reaction Range
- 2582 What Intelligence Is
- 2583 Theories of Intelligence worked example
- 2584 Learning Styles, the Misconception
- 2585 Measuring Intelligence worked example
- 2586 The Extremes: Disability and Giftedness
- 2587 Culture and Testing
- 2588 Fluid and Crystallized Across Adulthood
- 2589 Wisdom and Expertise
- 2590 Does Intelligence Decline With Age? review
Who this subject is for
- Students preparing for the CLEP Human Growth and Development exam
- Nursing and allied health students
- Education and psychology majors
- Social work students
- Adult learners finishing a degree
- Anyone interested in how people change across a lifetime
Why Human Growth and Development matters
Human development follows people from conception to old age, and every helping profession uses it. It is the foundation for:
- Nursing and allied health
- Teaching
- Social work
- Counseling
- Developmental psychology
Time to complete
- of lessons (1,005, measured)
- 8.8 h
- of lectures (41)
- 19.2 h
- learning hours on the certificate, with quizzes and the final
- 35 h
Times are measured from the recordings and the exam time limits. Go at your own pace; nothing expires.

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