Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthase
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Chemiosmosis is hydrogen ions diffusing down their gradient through ATP synthase, a membrane protein that uses that flow to attach a phosphate to ADP.
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Hydrogen ions built up by the electron transport chain rush back through ATP synthase, much like water through a dam's turbine.
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ATP synthase harnesses ions already flowing down their gradient, per Bio 0341, rather than pumping against it.