Plasma Membrane Receptors and cAMP Second Messenger
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A water-soluble hormone binds a surface receptor, activating a G-protein that triggers adenylyl cyclase to convert ATP into cyclic AMP, per Bio 0805, amplifying the signal inside the cell.
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A sprinter's epinephrine surge triggers G-protein cascades producing many cAMP molecules per receptor, amplifying the signal body-wide.
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Phosphodiesterase continuously breaks down cAMP, so the signal terminates once hormone binding stops.