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Animal Virus Entry and Exit

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State

Animal viruses enter cells by endocytosis or fusion, then exit either by budding, which spares the cell, or by lysis, which kills it.

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Influenza buds from its host's membrane without killing it, while non-enveloped rhinoviruses accumulate until the cell lyses.

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Budding does not mean a cell is undamaged — a virus can impair normal function while keeping the cell alive.