The Plasmid Vector
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A plasmid is a small circular DNA molecule that replicates independently of a bacterial chromosome and can carry inserted DNA as a vector.
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A plasmid's multiple cloning site holds several restriction-enzyme sites, giving researchers a choice of where to insert foreign DNA.
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A plasmid replicates independently of the host chromosome — inserting DNA into it leaves the bacterium's own chromosomal genes unaltered.