The Formula of Humanity
This video presents the same text shown beside it, spoken and on screen. It adds nothing the text does not say.
State
Kant's formula of humanity: treat persons always as ends in themselves, never merely as means—people are not tools, whatever the payoff.
Show
Deceiving, coercing, using: each bypasses a person's own reason. The "merely" matters—hiring a plumber uses; enslaving one merely uses.
Watch for
Kant held the formulas equivalent; many readers find this one the stronger guide. Both claims are debated.