Meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid
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Three meningeal layers — dura, arachnoid, and pia mater — cover the brain and spinal cord, cushioned by cerebrospinal fluid that also circulates nervous-system chemicals.
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Blocked cerebrospinal fluid drainage causes hydrocephalus, pressing the brain against the skull.
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The pia mater directly contacts brain tissue; the dura mater is the tough outermost layer — opposite ends of the stack.