Basal Ganglia, Thalamus, and Hypothalamus
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The basal ganglia regulate movement and motivation, the thalamus relays sensory and motor signals to the cortex, and the hypothalamus regulates hormone release and body-temperature homeostasis.
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Damage to the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease produces a characteristic shuffling gait alongside motor impairment.
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The thalamus routes nearly all sensory information except olfaction — smell reaches the cortex by a separate route.