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Prokaryotic Cell Structure, Reused and Extended

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A prokaryotic cell, per Bio 0067 and Bio 0249, keeps its DNA in a nucleoid and often carries extra-chromosomal DNA loops called plasmids.

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A bacterium's plasmid can carry an antibiotic-resistance gene separate from its main chromosome, replicating independently alongside it.

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A plasmid is not required for survival— it carries supplemental genes, while the main chromosome carries the genes essential to life.