Techniques for Protein Analysis
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Mass spectrometry identifies a protein's mass and characteristics; X-ray crystallography and NMR determine its three-dimensional structure; two-hybrid screening detects protein-protein interactions.
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X-ray crystallography reads a protein crystal's diffraction pattern for atomic-resolution structure, while two-hybrid screening detects whether two proteins bind in a cell.
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These techniques answer different questions — identity and mass, three-dimensional structure, and interaction are not interchangeable measurements.