Sanger Chain-Termination Sequencing
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Sanger chain-termination sequencing, developed by Fred Sanger in the 1970s, reads DNA using fluorescently labeled dideoxynucleotides that halt replication wherever incorporated.
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A dideoxynucleotide lacks the hydroxyl group needed to attach the next nucleotide, so wherever one is added, that fragment's synthesis stops.
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Each dideoxynucleotide's fluorescent label, not its position alone, lets the resulting fragment ladder be read back into a sequence.