Eukaryotic Transcription Factors and Enhancers
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A eukaryotic gene's transcription rate is further tuned by factors binding enhancer sequences, which can lie far from the regulated gene.
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An activator bound to a distant enhancer can loop DNA to contact the promoter's initiation complex, boosting transcription.
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An enhancer's distance from its gene along the DNA does not limit its effect — DNA looping brings the two into contact regardless.