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Fertility Rate and Mortality Rate, Distinguished

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Fertility measures births: crude birth rate is per 1,000 people, general fertility rate is per 1,000 women aged 15–44, total fertility rate is lifetime births per woman; mortality's crude rate is deaths per 1,000 people.

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A region's births and deaths in one year show whether population grows or shrinks.

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Fertility and fecundity differ: fecundity is potential births, fertility is actual.