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Social Sciences and History / Unit 4   SSH 0305 short lesson, about 20 seconds

Spain, England, France Become States

Captions available

The idea

Isabella and Ferdinand's marriage united Spain; Granada fell in fourteen ninety-two. England's War of the Roses ended in fourteen eighty-five with Henry the Seventh's Star Chamber. France's Charles the Seventh built a professional army on permanent taxes.

In practice

Louis the Eleventh making wartime taxes permanent.

Where people slip

The German lands stayed fragmented under the Holy Roman Empire, an abstraction since Charlemagne.

Your place on the trail

Every lesson rests on earlier ones and opens later ones. Tap any to jump.

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