Sorting Convention from Morality
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Sorting convention from morality takes a startling foreign practice through three questions: does a factual belief explain it, does a shared value sit beneath it, and once both are answered, are anyone's interests still set back.
Take burial customs that horrify a visitor. Question one: does a factual belief explain the difference? Here, yes — rival beliefs about how the dead are honored. Question two: is a shared value underneath? Honoring one's parents — shared on both sides; the customs differ, the value matches. Question three: with beliefs and shared values accounted for, are anyone's interests still set back? None shown. Verdict: convention, not moral failing. Now run the same three questions on forced labor. Question one finds no belief that explains away the practice; question two finds the shared value — protection of persons — standing against it; question three finds interests set back after every explanation is in. Verdict: not convention. The method separates the cases that the shrug "who are we to judge" lumps together.
The method judges practices, never peoples; question three asks about interests, not familiarity.