Building a Reference From a Source

In practice

This worked example is constructed for this course. A student reads a journal article. The first page shows two authors, Hannah Ito and Marcus Bell; the year of publication; the title, "Sleep Duration and Memory in College Students: A Field Study"; the journal, the Journal of Student Health; volume eighteen, issue two; pages one hundred twelve to one hundred twenty-nine; and a DOI. Build the reference in order. First, the authors: Ito, a comma, H, a period; then a comma, an ampersand, and Bell, a comma, M, a period. Second, the year in parentheses, followed by a period. Third, the article title in sentence case and plain text: only Sleep, the first word after the colon, A, and any proper nouns are capitalized, and there are no quotation marks. Fourth, the journal title in italics, with major words capitalized, then a comma. Fifth, the volume, eighteen, in italics, immediately followed by the issue, two, in parentheses, then a comma. Sixth, the pages, one hundred twelve to one hundred twenty-nine, with no p p, then a period. Seventh, the DOI as a full doi dot org link, with no final period. In the text, a paraphrase is cited with both last names joined by an ampersand, the year and the page in parentheses, or as "Ito and Bell" with the year after the names in a narrative citation.