Three Domains of Life
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Microbiologist Woese used gene sequences to sort life into three domains — Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya — replacing an appearance-based scheme.
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Archaea and Bacteria both lack a nucleus and once looked alike, but gene sequences show them as distinct from each other as from Eukarya.
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The three-domain scheme is dated to Woese's 1970s work, not fixed for all time — placements can shift.