The Glycocalyx
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The glycocalyx is the carbohydrate coating on a cell's exterior surface, attached to membrane proteins as glycoproteins or to membrane lipids as glycolipids.
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Unique glycocalyx patterns let the immune system distinguish a body's own cells from foreign ones.
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The glycocalyx exists only on a membrane's outward-facing surface — no equivalent carbohydrate coating exists on the cytoplasmic side.