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Branch Points, Basal Taxa, Sister Taxa, and Polytomy

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State

A branch point marks where one lineage split in two; a basal taxon diverged early, unbranched; sister taxa share a point; a polytomy is unresolved.

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Two lineages stemming from one branch point are sister taxa; a branch splitting into three or more marks a polytomy.

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Sister taxa share a branch point without descending from each other — a polytomy marks unresolved ties.