The Hardy-Weinberg Equations
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For a two-allele locus, allele frequencies satisfy p + q = 1, and the resulting genotype frequencies satisfy p² + 2pq + q² = 1.
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If a dominant allele's frequency p is 0.8, q must be 0.2, since the two sum to one.
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These equations require only two alleles at the locus — three or more needs a modified form.