The Upanishads: Atman and Brahman
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The Upanishads teach that atman, the innermost self, is identical with brahman, the ground of all reality—and liberation lies in realizing it.
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The Chandogya Upanishad's refrain, "tat tvam asi"—"you are that"—delivered by a father teaching his son.
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Later Indian schools disputed this identity for centuries. The darshanas are traditions of argument, not one settled creed.