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Ethics and Values / Unit 9   Ethics 435 review, 2 to 3 minutes

What a Satisfactory Theory Keeps

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The idea

The closing problem: after nine units of theories wounding each other, assemble what any satisfactory moral theory would have to keep — and say what this course was for.

In practice

Keep reason and impartiality: judgments backed by reasons, interests weighed without arbitrary exemption — the minimum conception survived every unit that followed it. Keep the wide community: everyone with interests is inside the count, and every century's worst arguments were boundary frauds. Keep consequences: a theory blind to outcomes did not survive Unit 4's defenses, and no satisfactory theory ignores what its verdicts do to people. Keep persons: the transplant room taught that sums need walls — some things are not counted because they are not for sale. Keep character and care: rules were always hoping for people who would need them least, and the near-and-far settlement gave each half its province. Keep desert: treating people as they deserve — answering their choices rather than managing their futures — is how a theory respects agency instead of administering it. What emerges is not an eleventh theory. It is a discipline: multiple strategies, each checking the others — convergence as confidence, the whistleblower's case; divergence as a map of what is genuinely at stake, the surgeon's. The course's promise was never a formula. It was that falling behind would always be recoverable: every idea numbered, every number's ancestors known, every claim carrying its receipt. The satisfactory theory, if it arrives, will be built by people who argue this way — reasons aloud, sources public, corrections welcome. Start anywhere. Follow the numbers back.

Your place on the trail

Every lesson rests on earlier ones and opens later ones. Tap any to jump.

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