Educational Psychology / Unit 7 EDP 0640 short lesson, about 20 seconds
Covington's Four Orientations
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The idea
Covington's model crosses approaching success with avoiding failure: success-oriented students seek mastery; overstrivers are high on both; failure-avoiding students self-handicap; failure-accepting students show learned helplessness and are hardest to motivate.
In practice
An overstriver picks easy tasks, rehearses answers and may even cheat to avoid failing.
Where people slip
For failure-avoiders effort is double-edged: trying and failing exposes low ability.
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