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The Octet Rule

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The octet rule states that main-group atoms tend to bond so each ends up with eight valence electrons, matching the nearest noble gas.

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Chlorine gains one shared electron pair in HCl, completing its octet at eight valence electrons.

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The octet rule is a strong tendency for main-group elements, not an absolute law — Chem 0995 and Chem 0997 cover its structural exceptions.