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Exceptions to the Aufbau Filling Order

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A few elements fill orbitals departing from the Aufbau sequence, favoring a half-filled or fully filled d subshell over the predicted order.

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Some transition metals place one fewer electron in the s subshell than plain Aufbau order predicts, shifting it into d instead.

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These filling-order exceptions are a recognized feature of certain transition metals, not evidence Aufbau is unreliable elsewhere.

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