Predicting Monatomic Ion Charge from Group Number
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State
Main-group metals tend to lose electrons to match the nearest preceding noble gas; nonmetals gain electrons to match the nearest following one.
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Calcium, group 2, loses two electrons to form Ca2+; bromine, group 17, gains one to form Br−, each matching a noble gas.
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This trend weakens toward the table's center, where transition metals often form charges the pattern cannot predict.