Named Families of the Periodic Table
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Several periodic-table groups carry specific family names beyond their number, and identifying an element's family means matching its group to that name.
Group 1 elements, except hydrogen, are alkali metals; group 2 elements are alkaline earth metals; group 17 elements are halogens; group 18 elements are noble gases. Chlorine, in group 17, is therefore a halogen. Calcium, in group 2, is an alkaline earth metal. Sodium, in group 1, is an alkali metal. Krypton, in group 18, is a noble gas. Group 15 elements are pnictogens and group 16 elements are chalcogens, both less commonly named in everyday use than the first four families.
Hydrogen sits above group 1 on most tables but is not an alkali metal — its nonmetallic behavior places it outside that family despite its position.
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