Chemistry / Unit 12 Chem 2346 short lesson, about 20 seconds
Halogen Physical State Tracks London Dispersion Forces
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The idea
Among halogens, physical state progresses gas to liquid to solid down the group as molecular mass and polarizability rise, strengthening London dispersion forces.
In practice
Fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine a liquid, and iodine a solid, all at room temperature.
Where people slip
Covalent bonding within each diatomic molecule does not change down the group — only the weak intermolecular attraction does, per Unit 8.
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