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sp³d and sp³d² Hybridization

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sp³d hybridization mixes in one d orbital for a five-domain geometry, and sp³d² mixes in two d orbitals for a six-domain geometry, extending the same pattern past period 2.

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Phosphorus in PCl5 is sp³d hybridized; sulfur in SF6 is sp³d² hybridized.

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These d-orbital hybrids are limited to central atoms from period 3 and below, the same elements capable of an expanded octet.

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