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Adaptive Immunity: Humoral versus Cell-Mediated

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Adaptive immunity divides into humoral immunity, driven by antibody-producing B cells acting outside cells, and cell-mediated immunity, driven by T cells acting on infected cells directly.

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Circulating antibodies handle a bacterial toxin, while a cytotoxic T cell handles a virus hiding inside a cell.

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The two branches work together against one infection, not as separate, unrelated systems.