Utility
This video presents the same text shown beside it, spoken and on screen. It adds nothing the text does not say.
State
A utility is a number an agent assigns to an outcome, measuring how much it matters — one scale, so unlike things can be weighed.
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Two job offers — more pay against a shorter commute — become comparable once each whole outcome is priced on the scale of caring.
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Utility does not discover the price; it records the agent's own valuation, made explicit.