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Reading a Cross-Sectional Design

This video presents the same text shown beside it, spoken and on screen. It adds nothing the text does not say.

State

A cross-sectional design supports statements about age differences and not about change within a person.

Show

A technology-use study across three age groups reports a difference that may be entirely a cohort effect.

Watch for

Every cross-sectional age difference is a candidate cohort effect until a second design rules it out.