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Ethics and Values / Unit 4   Ethics 176 short lesson, about 20 seconds

First Defense: The Cases Are Rigged

Captions available

The idea

The first utilitarian defense: the nightmare cases smuggle in false certainty — in the real world, frame-ups leak, and leaked frame-ups wreck far more happiness than they save.

In practice

Price the sheriff's scapegoat honestly: discovery, ruined trust in courts, emboldened mobs. Real arithmetic, the defense says, votes with justice.

Your place on the trail

Every lesson rests on earlier ones and opens later ones. Tap any to jump.

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