Standard Form
This video presents the same text shown beside it, spoken and on screen. It adds nothing the text does not say.
Standard form rebuilds an argument as numbered premises — each marked factual or moral — with the conclusion stated last.
Start with a colleague's pitch: "Skip the off-site — attendance is optional and the budget is tight." Step one: find the conclusion — skip the off-site. Step two: list what supports the conclusion. Premise one: attendance is optional. Factual. Premise two: the budget is tight. Factual. Step three: look for the should. Nothing on the list carries one, so state what the speaker must be assuming — premise three: employees should avoid optional spending in a tight budget. Moral. Step four: restate the whole argument, premises numbered and marked, conclusion last. Now every line can be examined on its own: challenge the facts, or challenge the should.
If a should-conclusion sits on all-factual premises, the argument is missing a premise, not proving extra.