Denormalization
This video presents the same text shown beside it, spoken and on screen. It adds nothing the text does not say.
State
Denormalization deliberately adds redundant data — extra attributes, new tables, copies — to decrease query running time by making data more accessible.
Show
A leaderboard storing each player's name beside every score answers faster than one that must go asking.
Watch for
The redundancy is intentional and budgeted, or it is a mistake.