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Gastrulation and the Three Germ Layers

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Gastrulation reorganizes the blastula into three germ layers — ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm — each committed to a distinct set of tissues and organs later.

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Ectoderm gives rise to skin and nervous tissue; mesoderm to muscle; endoderm to the digestive lining.

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Germ-layer commitment sets a trajectory, not an irreversible fate for every cell within that layer.