Frequency-Dependent Selection
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Frequency-dependent selection favors a phenotype based on how common or rare it currently is, rather than on any fixed advantage of the trait itself.
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Rare throat-color morphs among side-blotched lizards gain a reproductive advantage precisely because they are rare, negative frequency-dependent selection.
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A frequency-dependent trait's advantage can reverse as its own frequency changes — the favored phenotype cycles rather than settles.